Harrow



(No Model 2 Shets-Sheet 1.. D. G. MARKHAM. HARROW.

No. 405,580. Patented June 18, 1889 (No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.

1). ,0. MARKHAM.

HARROW.

.No. 405.580. Patented June18, 1889.

VII/[III] a Q .71 Zimwey UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DE\VI TT O. MARKHAM, OF COLLINSVILLE, NEV YORK.

HARROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 405,580, dated. June18, 1889.

Application filed December l8, 1888. Serial No. 298,946. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, DEWITT C. MARKHAM, a citizen of the United States,residing at Collinsville, in the county of Lewis and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in I-Iarrows; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in harrows which bear referenceparticularly to the construction of the frame-work and the manner ofbringing the sections together.

'The objects of my improvements are the construction of a double harrowof great strength, lightness, and durability and the reduction in theexpense of manufacturing these articles.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is a plan of a spring-tootl'i folding harrow with myimprovement applied; Figs. 2 and 3, sections, respectively, on lines so00 and y y of Fig. 1 and Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, details.

Referring to the drawings, A A are the separate sections of a doubleharrow united by front and back hinges M N.

D are. the draft-bars of the harrow, which may be made of channel orangle iron or wood, and E are the cross-bars, which maybe of the sameconstruction. The cross-beams are united to the draft-bars by means of asaddle F, screw-bolt G, and nut 72 The saddle F is provided with upperlugs i and lower lugs j, the latter at right angles to the former. Thesaddle forms a seat for a cross-beam which is placed between the lugs 1and the lugs j project down and closely abut against the sides of thedraft-bar. The saddle F and cross-beam being thus placed in position onthe channel-bar, the screw-bolt G is inserted through these three parts,the nut 72 applied, and these parts are then rigidly secured together.YVhen channel draft-bars are used, the screw G may be of such size as tohave its head securely held between the channel draftbar withoutturning. The parts may be united and tightened or taken apart by the useof the nut 71. and a wrench.

A washer is 0 0, having shown, and may be used under the head of thenut.

L is a steel brace used to more securely unite the cross-beams anddraft-bars. It is flattened at both ends and at one end secured to thetop of a cross-bea1n by the screw-bolt G and nut h, and at the oppositeend to the draft-bar by the same means. An additional brace L may beused.

The harrow is made folding by means of the front and rear hinges M andN. The front hinge M is composed of two parts t" i The part 11 is at oneend provided with lugs screw-holes, and which are slipped over thebottom of the channel draftbar and bolted thereto, and at the other endwith a post 0 The other part is provided at one end with similar lugsconnected to draft-bar in the same way, and at the other end with a slot0 in which the post 0 of part r" is placed and there held by means of awasher o and spring-pin The rear hinge N is also composed of two parts mm The part m, provided at one end with a seat or saddle the same as thesaddle F, with lugs i and j, forms a seat for a crossbar and unites thesame to the draft-bar in the same manner as the other saddles abovedescribed. The opposite end of on is provided with the pin m The otherpart m is also at one end provided with a seat and lugs and secured tothe cross-beams and draft-bar, as above described. The other end of m isprovided with a slot to accommodate the pin m and having also a washer 0and spring-pin 0 to hold the hingesections togetherj The functionsperformed by the braces L and L are separate and important. The brace Lis used as a bridge-brace either on the front or rear draft-bar at apoint where such bar is not braced, as in other parts of the frame, by across bar connection. and the function performed by such brace is thatit counteracts the downward and upward strain of the draft-bar incurredat such point, which would otherwise be unprovided for. It also enablesa light form of draft-bar to be used in. place of the heavy barsgenerally employed to give strength and rigidity to the frame. Thediagonal brace L is used to prevent lateral strain.

Having thus described myinvention,what I claim is 1. In aharrow-frame,r.l1e combination of a draft-bar, a cross-beam mounted onsaid draftbar, and a brace, such as L, for connecting the cross-beam anddraft-bar to provide against upward and downward strain of thedraft-bar, substantially as described.

2. In a barrow-frame, the combination of a draft-bar, across-beammounted on said draft bar, and a brace, such as L connecting thecross-beam and draft-bar diagonally to provide against lateral strain ofthe draft-bar,

substantially as described.

3. A folding harrow-frame having its sections held together by front andrear hinges M N, in combination with the draft-bar and the cr0ss-beammounted on said draft-bar, the said rear hinge N being a saddleconnecting the draft and cross bar, substantially as described.

4. In a sectional barrow-frame, in combination with the draft-bars andthe cross-beams, the front hinge M, composed of two parts 2" 2' providedwith lugs 0 o,and one of said parts having a post 0 and the other a slot0 substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. In a harrow-frame, the combination, with the draft-bar, thecross-beam mounted on said part, and the rear hinge N, provided with thesaddle having the upward and downward projecting lugs, between which thecross-bar and draft-bar are held, and a bolt and nut for securing theparts together, substantially as described;

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

DEWITT C. MARKHAM. Witnesses:

JOSEPH H. BLACKVVOOD, M. J HOYT.

